Name: ____________________________
Animal Science 3903 - Spring 1998
Test ID = 00002 -- Special Code = 000001
Topics: Climate, World Ag Types, Ag Animals (Chapters 4,5, & 6)
Part of taking an examination is in the reading and interpretation of the questions. Therefore, please do not ask the instructor to restate a question or define terms. Neither should you ask if your answer is correct or if your answer is what I'm looking for. However, if a question does not seem to make sense to you or if you detect typos then please call my attention to these matters.
If 2 answers are equally correct, choose the one that appears first. Please exit the room by the center aisle. When you leave the room please do not stand in the hall outside this room. Your noise will distract others. Good Luck!!
1. Climate has enormous influence on all types of economic activity for the world's people.
Climate is absolutely crucial in the selection of agricultural enterprises and pursuits because climate determines what plants and animals can grow in a given area.
Temperate climates do not impose any climatic stress so only some climates can be said to impose climatic stress.
Most of the humid tropics are only slightly exploited for agriculture.
Agriculture is practiced in the sub-humid portions of the tropics more than any other tropical area.
a. True, True, True, True, True b. True, True, False, False, True c. True, True, False, True, True
d. False, True, False, True, True e. False, True, False, False, True
2. Most of the humid tropics are covered by:
a. Rich crop land b. Rich productive rice land c. Dense Rain forests
d. coniferous forests e. Lush pasture land
3. The major climatic variation from season to season in the tropics is:
a. ambient temperatures b. amount of rain c. distribution of rainfall
d. wind e. amount and distribution of rainfall
4. The seasons in the tropics are:
a. winter, spring, summer, fall b. hot and cold c. spring and summer
d. not differentiated. There are no seasons. e. dry and rainy
5. Which continent has the greatest share of the world's humid tropics?
a. N. America b. Africa c. India d. Australia e. S. Africa
6. If the length of the rainy season is 9 1/2 months in a certain region then the area is classified as the ________.
a. tropical rainforest b. semi-desert to desert c. semi-arid tropics d. semi-humid tropics e. humid tropics
7. If the length of the rainy season is 5 1/2 months in a certain region then the area is classified in the ________.
a. tropical rainforest b. semi-desert to desert c. semi-arid tropics d. semi-humid tropics e. humid tropics
8. If the length of the rainy season is 2 - 4 1/2 months then you are in the:
a. semi-humid tropics b. semi-arid tropics c. humid tropics
d. tropical rain forest e. semi-desert to desert
9. Vegetation type and the total amount produced are very dependent on how long the dry portion of the rainy period is.
Livestock production is very dependent on the quality and quantity of forage produced.
If it is dry enough to greatly restrict the vegetation produced then often the inhabitants of the land become nomads.
a. True, False, True b. True, True, False c. True, False, False d. False, True, True e. True, True, True
10. Heat stress is a very real detriment to producing agricultural animals in the humid tropics.
The temperature itself isn't really much of a problem but high relative humidity is a very real problem.
Since there is more vegetation in wet environments, there is less wind because the vegetation blocks the wind.
Another problem in the humid tropics is the solar radiation which is intense because the sun is almost directly overhead and there is less atmosphere to attenuate the sun's rays.
There is a relationship between the general level of rainfall in an area and the wind usual to the area.
a. True, True, True, True, True b. False, True, True, True, False c. False, False, True, True, True d. True, True, True, False, True e. True, False, True, True, True
11. One of the major problems of the humid tropics is that diseases and parasites are more of a problem than most other climates.
Diseases and parasites thrive in hot humid environments.
Grading up "local" livestock using non-adapted animals is made more difficult by problems with diseases and parasites.
Problems with grading up livestock may be most closely linked to the problems of parasites and diseases than any other.
a. True, False, True, True b. False, True, True, True c. True, True, True, True d. True, False, True, False e. False, True, True, True
12. In the tropics the quality of the feed for animals is rarely a problem but the quantity is.
Leaching of minerals from the soil because of heavy rainfalls in the humid tropics reduces the nutritive value of the plants that grow there.
Metabolic adaptations of tropical plants to longer periods of darkness leads them to have higher plant quality.
Reduced nutritive values of tropical plants is brought about by the high temperatures associated with the tropics.
a. True, True, False, True b. False, True, True, True c. False, True, False, False d. True, True, True, False e. False, True, False, True
13. Tropical plants have higher nutritive value than temperate ones because:
a. they are metabolically adapted to long periods of darkness b. plant nutrients are metabolized at night
c. high temperatures reduce nutritive value of tropical forages d. A,B, and C are all correct
e. none of the answers fit the question
14. Most of the major deserts of the world are located within 2 belts roughly 8( on either side of the equator.
a. true b. false
15. The continent with the greatest percentage of its land as one of the dry climates is
a. Asia b. N. America c. Africa d. Europe e. Australia
16. Most of the deserts close to the tropics are:
a. Interior Continental Deserts b. Rain Shadow Deserts c. Due to air patterns from the equator
d. All of these e. None of these.
17. This is the primary type of desert of the United States.
a. Tropical deserts b. Rain Shadow Deserts c. Interior Continental Deserts
18. The semiarid regions of the world have problems with livestock production that are caused by shortage of water for the animals to drink.
Semiarid regions suffer periodic water shortages that make food scarce for livestock from time to time.
Semiarid regions close to the equator are generally hot and heat stress causes problems with raising quality livestocks in these regions.
Livestock also suffer from variations in daily temperatures brought on by the dry climates of semiarid regions.
Insects are also a ferocious problem in the semiarid areas of the world, much more so than the more humid areas.
a. True, True, True, True, True b. True, True, True, False, False c. True, True, True, True, False d. False, True, True, True, False e. False, True, False, True, False
19. A high percentage of the livestock in the topics are found in the super-humid areas.
Wind is a major cause of erosion in the dry areas of the world.
Rain is the major cause of erosion in the humid tropics.
There is little if any livestock produced in the temperate zone.
Within limits, it is usually easier for animals to adapt to and produce in cold temperatures than hot.
a. False, True, True, True, True b. False, True, True, False, True c. True, True, True, True, True d. False, True, False, False, True e. False, False, True, False, True
20. The very cold areas of the world are generally devoid of livestock.
a. true b. false
21. Most productive climates found in the world:
a. Tropical b. Semi-tropical c. Temperate d. Semi-arid e. Desert
22. What continent has the largest share of humid temperate zone?
a. Africa b. S. America c. Asia d. Australia e. N. America
23. If the ambient temperature is hot to very hot and the rainfall is sub-humid then the type of vegetation is _________.
a. Tropical forest b. Savanna c. Steppe d. Desert grasses and shrubs e. Rain Forest
24. If the temperature is in the temperate zone and the rainfall is semiarid then the vegetation is most likely.
a. Tropical forest b. Savanna c. Steppe d. Desert grasses and shrubs e. Rain Forest
25. If the rainfall zone is super-humid and the temperature zone is cold then the vegetation belt is
a. Tundra b. Perpetual Frost c. Prairie d. Coniferous Forest e. Taiga
26. If the vegetation is a mixture of broadleaf and coniferous forest then the rainfall is in the _______ region.
a. superhumid b. subhumid c. semiarid d. arid e. humid
27. Continent which has the most tropical rainforest as natural vegetation.
a. N. America b. S. America c. Africa d. Asia e. Australia
28. Once you reach the "grass belt" in any given rainfall area, the type of grass is mostly dependent on:
a. length of dry season b. length of wet season c. temperature
d. species of animals using it e. level of erosion
29. Most of the world's savanna can be said to be in ____________.
a. N. America b. S. America c. Africa d. Asia e. Australia
30. In hot areas of the world, the tall grass vegetation belts are referred to as
a. prairie b. tundra c. savanna d. steppe e. taiga
31. Generally speaking, the only agricultural animal found in the tundra is:
a. Reindeer b. Ptarmigan c. Polar Bear d. Musk Ox e. Mink
32. One acre that reverts to desert may cause the degredation of __________ or more adjacent acres.
a. 10 b. 20 c. 80 d. 100 e. 1000
33. One of the most common improper land use practices is attempting to farm land that should be left in grass.
a. true b. false
34. Desertification is a problem that occurs in a step wise fashion.
a. true b. false
35. About the only place in the world that has a serious problem with desertification is Africa.
a. true b. false
36. It is very hard to legislate good range use. This is true if the users are ranchers in the western USA or nomads in the grasses of Africa.
a. true b. false
37. One of the necessary steps in preventing desertification is reducing grazing animals on dry, susceptible lands.
a. true b. false
38. The predominant system of livestock production found in a given area determines the principal agricultural system of the area. The agricultural system of an area is determined by several factors.
Climate and level of economic development are more important than most other factors in dictating the type of agricultural system found in an area.
a. true, false, true b. false, true, true c. true, true, true d. true, true, false e. true, false, false
39. Most primitive systems of agriculture are found in areas which have greater than 20" of rainfall.
The goal of Shifting Cultivation is subsistence but they usually must supplement their diet with non-agriculture food sources.
Market Gardening is a subsistence system.
Today, Mediterranean Agriculture is a developed system.
In all the primitive agricultural systems discussed in the text, agricultural animals are involved to a major extent.
Generally speaking, ranching and/or nomadic herding occur as the exclusive agricultural system when there is 20 inches or less of annual rainfall.
It is impossible to have subsistence crop and livestock production mixed in with ranching in a particular rainfall zone and it isn't done.
a. False, False, False, True, False, True, False b. False, True, False, True, True, True, False c. False, True, False, True, False, True, True d. True, False, False, True, False, True, False e. False, True, False, True, False, True, False
40. What is the type of agriculture which dominates Australia?
a. Nomadic Herding b. Ranching c. Rudimentary Sedentary Tillage d. Subsistence Crop and Livestock Farming e. Commercial Livestock and Crop Farming
41. While there are no doubt exceptions that could be found, cultivation generally ceases when rainfall amounts are _____ inches or less.
a. 35 b. 30 c. 25 d. 20 e. 15
42. Grazing will generally prevail over cultivation because of one or a combination of the following reasons. However, one of these is the most important of all. Pick it.
a. the land is too rough to cultivate b. the land is at high elevations c. distance from markets
d. lack of rainfall or other precipitation e. these are equally important
43. In which of these major areas of the world is the most primitive agriculture practiced?
a. Africa b. South America c. Asia d. Europe e. North America
44. Generally speaking, Nomadic Herding is practiced in either the very dry or the very cold areas of the world.
Most of the horses that are used by nomads are by those who come from a warlike past.
Almost all of the world's nomads today are dependent on cattle.
Reindeer figure prominently in the Nomadism of at least 4 different continents.
The goal of Nomadism is profit.
a. False, True, False, False, False b. True, True, False, False, False c. True, True, True, True, False
d. True, True, True, False, False e. True, True, True, True, True
45. Nomads may have extensive land territorial claims but do not own land.
Nomadism is thriving as a way of life and probably increasing in several parts of the world.
Nomads rarely "farm".
a. True, True, True b. True, False, True c. False, False, True d. True, False, False e. False, False, False
46. Subsistence is the goal of __________.
a. Subsistence Crop and Livestock Farming b. Intensive Subsistence Tillage-Rice Dominant c. Peasant Grain and Livestock farming
47. Slash and Burn Agriculture refers to clearing small plots of land, farming them until they don't grow good crops anymore and then abandoning them and clearing another plot.
a. true b. false
48. Slash and Burn Agriculture is the term often used for:
a. Rudimentary Sedentary Tillage b. Shifting Cultivation c. Intensive Subsistence Tillage
d. Nomadism e. Subsistence Crop and Livestock Farming
49. Practiced as it should be, this is a good system of land rotation for tilled land.
a. Shifting Cultivation b. Rudimentary Sedentary Tillage c. Nomadism
d. Intensive Subsistence Tillage e. Subsistence Crop and Livestock Farming
50. Found in the more remote tropical areas of South America, Africa, Southeast Asia and Indonesia, food is usually gathered from the surrounding forest to supplement this agriculture.
a. Nomadism b. Subsistence Crop and Livestock Farming c. Rudimentary Sedentary Tillage
d. Shifting Cultivation e. Intensive Subsistence Tillage
51. In Rudimentary Sedentary Tillage, farmers farm the same land year after year.
The farming methods and crops used in Rudimental Sedentary Tillage and Shifting Cultivation are generally very similar. Rudimentary Sedentary tillage and Shifting Cultivation are both sustainable systems if human population is kept in check. Rudimentary Sedentary Tillage and Shifting Cultivation are both energy efficient systems.
a. True, False, True, True b. True, True, True, True c. True, True, False, True d. True, False, True, False e. False, True, True, False
52. In Rudimentary Sedentary Tillage and Shifting Cultivation, most of the meat comes from
a. hunting and fishing b. goats c. chickens d. sheep e. ducks
53. Most subsistence agriculture is practiced
a. a few degrees on either side of the Tropic of Cancer b. a few degrees on either side of the Tropic of Capricorn c. in the tropics d. on the Equator e. in Asia
54. Much of the world's Intensive Subsistence Tillage involves rice production.
Rice is grown if the necessary water is available because it will out yield any other grain.
Water buffalo and cattle are kept in Intensive Subsistence Tillage systems primarily for meat and milk.
The primary reason chickens are found in Intensive Subsistence Tillage is for food purposes.
Intensive subsistence tillage is very labor intensive.
a. True, True, True, True, True b. True, False, False, True, True c. True, True, False, True, True
d. False, True, True, True, True e. False, True, False, True, True
55. A system found primarily in the poorer regions of Europe which involves small farms, each with a few head of livestock is:
a. Subsistence Crop and Livestock Farming b. Intensive Subsistence Tillage c. Commercial Dairy
d. Rudimentary Sedentary Tillage e. Commercial Crop and Livestock Farming
56. If I find an agriculture in a temperate zone, growing potatoes and oats and using dual-purpose cattle but eating little beef then I probably am in:
a. Commercial Crop and Livestock Farming b. Intensive Subsistence Tillage
c. Subsistence Crop and Livestock Farming d. Rudimentary Sedentary Tillage e. Commercial Dairy
57. In a Subsistence Crop and Livestock farm in South America I might expect this animal to be the agricultural animal.
a. sheep b. cattle c. goats d. horses e. llama
58. _____________ is the single most important objective of agricultural enterprises in areas with a developed agriculture?
a. Diversification b. Subsistence c. Producing animal foods d. Profit e. Wise land use
59. Ranching could probably be made more "land-friendly" by using mixed herds instead of single species herds.
a. true b. false
60. Ranchers the world over, regardless of the country they are in, are usually of ______________ ancestry.
a. indigenous b. European c. Spanish
d. American e. dumb question - too variable to choose any of the above answers.
61. In this agriculture, animals may be used as secondary enterprises such as finishing hogs in the winter when crops cannot be grown.
a. Ranching b. Commercial Livestock Finishing c. Commercial Dairy
d. Plantation Agriculture e. Commercial Crop and Livestock Farming
62. The US is the dominating practitioner of this agricultural system.
a. Commercial Livestock Finishing b. Ranching c. Commercial Crop and Livestock Farming
d. Commercial Dairy e. Commercial Grain Production
63. Modification of Commercial Crop and Livestock Farming.
a. Livestock Finishing b. Commercial Dairy c. Commercial Grain Production
d. Mediterranean Agriculture e. Market Gardening
64. Commercial Crop and Livestock Farming predominate in the developing world where there is 30 or more inches of rainfall.
In many ways, modern commercial dairies resemble commercial livestock finishing operations and are probably a new type of agriculture.
Dairy almost always depends on maximizing the use of grass or forage.
Most modern day commercial dairies still depend on the labor of the family owning the dairy as their major source of help.
One of the modifications of the large-scale commercial dairies is that they don't raise their own replacement animals.
a. true, false, false, false, false b. true, true, false, false, false c. true, true, true, false, false
d. true, true, true, false, true e. none of these choices fit
65. Practiced in Australia, the North American plains, the steppes of Russia, the Pampas of Argentina and along the Gulf of Mexico.
a. Commercial Dairy b. Commercial Grain Production c. Mediterranean Agriculture
d. Ranching e. Plantation Agriculture
66. In ancient times this was peasant subsistence agriculture.
a. Commercial Dairy b. Mediterranean Agriculture c. Commercial Grain Production
d. Ranching e. Plantation Agriculture
67. Where do I find the roots of transhumantic livestock practices.
a. Market Gardening b. Commercial Grain Production c. Mediterranean Agriculture
d. Commercial Dairy e. Plantation Agriculture
68. A developed agriculture which has developed in response to large urban centers.
a. Market Gardening b. Commercial Grain Production c. Mediterranean Agriculture
d. Commercial Dairy e. Plantation Agriculture
69. Famous for its wines:
a. Commercial Dairy b. Plantation Agriculture c. Commercial Grain Production
d. Ranching e. Mediterranean Agriculture
70. It is a serious error to judge all economic systems in terms of what is considered to be the best in a developed country.
In the traditional agricultural systems of Asia, animals rarely consume any food which would have normally been consumed by humans.
Subsistence agricultural systems generally depend on high capital investment.
Using hand labor is inefficient in all Ag systems and should be stopped.
a. true, true, true, true b. false, false, false, false c. true, false, false, false d. true, true, false, true e. none of these choices is correct
71. In both Developed and Developing countries there are fairly numerous small livestock units.
In developed countries, livestock are most frequently kept as a source of meat.
In both developed and developing countries the number of small livestock units is likely to stay small but the reasons are very different.
In developing countries livestock are most often kept as a source of food before any other use.
a. true, true, false, false b. true, true, false, true c. true, true, true, false d. true, false, true, false e. none of these answers fit
72. If we continue domesticating animals at the current rate, we will have substantially more domestic large animal species by the turn of the century.
a. true b. false
73. By definition a domesticated animal must have been brought under human control and adapted to symbiotic life with humans and must be able to adapt to the artificial environment imposed on them by humans.
a. true b. false
74. For animals to be domesticated, they must be able to respond to selection for some specialized functional development considered important by the human.
a. true b. false
75. In some areas of the world, the most important use made of cattle is work. Thus, their locomotion may be one of the most important things "improved" about them.
a. true b. false
76. One of the things that we "improve" animals for is their ability to serve us as a status symbol.
a. true b. false
77. Domesticated animals are generally less able to survive in the wild than their wild cousins because they have very different characteristics.
a. true b. false
78. The modern hen will no longer brood eggs to hatch her own chicks.
a. true b. false
79. Primary economic importance is based on their aesthetic value rather than because they have other "useful" products to offer.
a. silkworm b. pea fowl c. pigeon d. dog e. hamster
80. Most widespread ruminant in distribution.
a. cattle b. sheep c. llama d. yak e. goat
81. Of all the major large domestic mammals which are important to agriculture, which of these does not ferment forages to any degree?
a. gayal b. banteng c. gayal d. llama e. pig
82. In areas of developing agriculture, the agricultural animals are kept to produce as many products as possible for their owners.
a. true b. false
83. Both the way in which agricultural animals are utilized and the degree to which they are utilized is very dependent on the level of agriculture of a region.
a. true b. false
84. Assuming I have several equally adapted species to choose from, and I live in a developed agriculture, the one I choose will probably be the one that confers the most status.
a. true b. false
85. How well man is able to use the various climates of the world often depends on his overall economic well-being because this determines the extent to which he can either modify the environment or protect the animals from it.
a. true b. false
86. The higher the level of development, the greater the emphasis is on profit and the less specialized animal production becomes.
a. true b. false
87. If 2 species are equally well adapted to an area, the most important factors that determine the choice are usually socioeconomic.
a. true b. false
88. Sometimes, even in poor societies, the species of animal chosen by the population is chosen more on prestige than practicality.
a. true b. false
89. Most people in developed countries have a bias that tends to prevent their objective evaluation of world livestock production.
a. true b. false
90. Our way is usually the best way for others in agricultural production.
a. true b. false
EXTRA QUESTIONS
See the attached figures and identify:
91. the tropical environments of the world.
a. b. c. d. e.
92. the temperate climates of the world.
a. b. c. d. e.
93. the cold climates of the world.
a. b. c. d. e.
94. the areas of the world in which the natural vegetation was grassland.
a. b. c. d. e.
95. the desert and dry climates of the world.
a. b. c. d. e.
96. The agricultural system in a country is influenced in a major way by each of these things. Which is the most important of these? (Be careful.)
a. religions b. climate c. topography of land d. political systems e. economic development
NOTES ON THE EXAM: The questions for Chapter 6 were not revised much. There is still much to do there.